http://wiki.suffrage-universel.be/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Autonomie_nationale_personnelle 2026-04-08T08:49:06Z Historique des révisions pour cette page sur le wiki MediaWiki 1.35.1 http://wiki.suffrage-universel.be/index.php?title=Autonomie_nationale_personnelle&diff=12682&oldid=prev 2019-12-30T19:41:26Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="fr"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Version précédente</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Version du 30 décembre 2019 à 19:41</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Ligne 1 :</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Ligne 1 :</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>voir l'[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_personal_autonomy article &quot;National personal autonomy&quot; sur la Wikipédia anglophone] &lt;small&gt;(P.Y. Lambert / Minorities Observer [https://xtools.wmflabs.org/articleinfo/en.wikipedia.org/National_personal_autonomy créateur initial et auteur de 92,8% de l'article])&lt;/small&gt;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>voir l'[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_personal_autonomy article &quot;National personal autonomy&quot; sur la Wikipédia anglophone] &lt;small&gt;(P.Y. Lambert / Minorities Observer [https://xtools.wmflabs.org/articleinfo/en.wikipedia.org/National_personal_autonomy créateur initial et auteur de 92,8% de l'article])&lt;/small&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Applications au XXème siècle</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Applications au XXème siècle</div></td></tr> </table>

Admin http://wiki.suffrage-universel.be/index.php?title=Autonomie_nationale_personnelle&diff=12679&oldid=prev 2019-12-30T19:25:45Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="fr"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Version précédente</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Version du 30 décembre 2019 à 19:25</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l48" >Ligne 48 :</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Ligne 48 :</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>--&gt;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>--&gt;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Catégorie:Autonomie nationale personnelle|*]]</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

Admin http://wiki.suffrage-universel.be/index.php?title=Autonomie_nationale_personnelle&diff=12678&oldid=prev 2019-12-30T19:24:58Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="fr"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Version précédente</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Version du 30 décembre 2019 à 19:24</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2" >Ligne 2 :</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Ligne 2 :</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Applications au XXème siècle</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Applications au XXème siècle</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Kehilla]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Applications au XXIème siècle</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Applications au XXIème siècle</div></td></tr> </table>

Admin http://wiki.suffrage-universel.be/index.php?title=Autonomie_nationale_personnelle&diff=12677&oldid=prev 2019-12-30T19:24:22Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="fr"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Version précédente</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Version du 30 décembre 2019 à 19:24</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Ligne 1 :</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Ligne 1 :</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">voir l'[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_personal_autonomy article &quot;National personal autonomy&quot; sur la Wikipédia anglophone] &lt;small&gt;(P.Y. Lambert / Minorities Observer [https://xtools.wmflabs.org/articleinfo/en.wikipedia.org/National_personal_autonomy créateur initial et auteur de 92,8% de l'article])&lt;/small&gt;</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Applications au XXème siècle</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Applications au XXIème siècle</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Croatian_national_minorities_councils_and_representatives_elections Croatie]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{chantier}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{chantier}}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;!--</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&lt;!--</div></td></tr> </table>

Admin http://wiki.suffrage-universel.be/index.php?title=Autonomie_nationale_personnelle&diff=5661&oldid=prev 2014-03-23T07:31:03Z

<p>Page créée avec « {{chantier}} &lt;!-- The <a href="/index.php?title=Austromarxism&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Austromarxism (page inexistante)">Austromarxist</a> principle of &#039;&#039;&#039;national personal autonomy&#039;&#039;&#039; (&quot;personal principle&quot;), developed by <a href="/index.php?title=Otto_Bauer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Bauer (page inexistante)">Otto Bauer</a> in his 1907 book &#039;&#039;... »</p> <p><b>Nouvelle page</b></p><div>{{chantier}}<br /> &lt;!--<br /> The [[Austromarxism|Austromarxist]] principle of '''national personal autonomy''' (&quot;personal principle&quot;), developed by [[Otto Bauer]] in his 1907 book ''Die Nationalitätenfrage und die Sozialdemokratie'' (The question of nationalities and social democracy) was seen by him a way of gathering the geographically divided members of the same nation, &quot;organize nations not in territorial bodies but in simple association of persons&quot;, thus radically disjoining the nation from the [[territory (country subdivision)|territory]] and making of the nation a non-territorial [[Voluntary association|association]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Bauer|first=Otto|others=Joseph O'Donnell (Translator)|title=The question of nationalities and social democracy|editor=Ephraim J. Nimni|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|year=2000|pages=696|isbn=978-0-8166-3265-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; The other ideological founders of the concept were another Austromarxist, [[Karl Renner]], in his 1899 essay ''Staat und Nation'' (State and Nation),&lt;ref&gt;the whole Renner's essay is reproduced in an English translation in: {{cite book|title=National cultural autonomy and its contemporary critics|editor=Ephraim Nimni|publisher=Routledge|year=2005|pages=260|isbn=978-0-415-24964-5|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=zP_9TccTwnYC}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[Bundism|Jewish Labour Bundist]] [[Vladimir Medem]], in his 1904 essay ''Di sotsial-demokratie un di natsionale frage'' (Social democracy and the national question).&lt;ref&gt;{{lang-yi|Medem, V.}} 1943. “Di sotsial-demokratie un di natsionale frage” (1904). Vladimir Medem: Tsum tsvantsikstn yortsayt. New York: New York: Der Amerikaner Reprezentants fun Algemeynem Yidishn Arbeter-Bund (‘Bund’) in Poyln, pp. 173-219.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Gechtman|first=Roni|date=December 2008|title=National-Cultural Autonomy and ‘Neutralism’: Vladimir Medem’s Marxist Analysis of the National Question, 1903-1920|journal=[[Socialist Studies (1983)|Socialist Studies]]|publisher=Society for Socialist Studies|location=[[Thompson, Manitoba]]|volume=III|issue=1|issn=19182821 |url=http://journals.sfu.ca/sss/index.php/sss/article/view/23|accessdate=2009-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Medem's ''Social democracy and the national question''==<br /> In his 1904 text, ''Social democracy and the national question'', [[Vladimir Medem]] exposed his version of the concept:<br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> &quot;Let us consider the case of a country composed of several national groups, e.g. Poles, Lithuanians and Jews. Each national group would create a separate movement. All citizens belonging to a given national group would join a special organisation that would hold cultural assemblies in each region and a general cultural assembly for the whole country. The assemblies would be given financial powers of their own: either each national group would be entitled to raise taxes on its members, or the state would allocate a proportion of its overall budget to each of them. Every citizen of the state would belong to one of the national groups, but the question of which national movement to join would be a matter of personal choice and no authority would have any control over his decision. The national movements would be subject to the general legislation of the state, but in their own areas of responsibility they would be autonomous and none of them would have the right to interfere in the affairs of the others&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Plassereaud|first=Yves|date=May 2000|title=Choose Your Own Nationality or The Forgotten History of Cultural Autonomy|journal=[[Le Monde diplomatique]]|location=Paris|language=English, transl. from French|url=http://www.panarchy.org/plasseraud/choice.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Partisans==<br /> This principle was later adopted by various parties, among them the [[Jewish Socialist Workers Party]] from its foundation in 1906, the [[General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia|Jewish Labour Bund]] at their August 1912 Conference (when the motion &quot;On National Cultural Autonomy&quot; became part of the Bund's program), the [[Dashnak|Armenian social democrats]], the Russian [[Constitutional Democratic Party]] (''Kadets'') at its June 1917's Ninth Congress,&lt;ref name=bowring&gt;Bill Bowring, &quot;Burial and resurrection, Karl Renner's controversial influence on the &quot;national question&quot; in Russia&quot;, in: {{cite book|title=National cultural autonomy and its contemporary critics|editor=Ephraim Nimni|publisher=Routledge|year=2005|pages=260|isbn=978-0-415-24964-5|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=zP_9TccTwnYC}}&lt;/ref&gt; the [[Thessaloniki]] Ottoman, then Greek [[Socialist Workers' Federation]], the left-wing [[Zionist]]s ([[Hashomer Hatzair]]) in favour of a [[One-state solution|binational solution]] in [[History of Palestine|Palestine]], the Jewish [[Folkspartei]] (inspired by [[Simon Dubnov]] who had developed a concept of Jewish autonomy close to Bauer's), and the [[Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania]] (DAHR) after 1989.<br /> <br /> ==Opponents==<br /> The whole concept was strongly opposed by the [[Bolshevik]]s. [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]]'s pamphlet ''[[Marxism and the National Question]]'' (1913) was their ideological reference on the matter, alongside with [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]]'s ''Critical Remarks on the National Question'' (December 1913), in particular in the chapter &quot;Cultural-National Autonomy&quot;.&lt;ref name=bowring/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Stalin&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Stalin|first=Joseph|title=Marxism and the National Question|publisher=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]|date=Prosveshcheniye, Nos. 3-5, March–May 1913|url=http://www.marx.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1913/03.htm|accessdate=2009-11-12|language=English - transl. from Russian}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lenin&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Lenin|first=Vladimir|title=Critical Remarks on the National Question|publisher=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]|date=Prosveshcheniye Nos. 10, 11 and 12, October–December 1913|url=http://www.marx.org/archive/lenin/works//1913/crnq/index.htm|accessdate=2009-11-12|language=English - transl. from Russian}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Stalin was later People's Commissar of Nationalities from 1917 - 1923.) Lenin's and Stalin's critics of the national personal autonomy concept were later joined by the Catalan [[Andreu Nin]] in his article ''The Austrian School, National Emancipation Movements'' (1935).&lt;ref name=&quot;nin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/nin/1935/xx/austromarx.htm|title=Austro-Marxism and the National Question (chapter in National Emancipation Movements)|last=Nin|first=Andrés|publisher=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]|year=1935|language=English, transl. from Catalan|accessdate=2009-11-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Implementation==<br /> It was adopted as an official policy in the short-lived [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] (1917–1920) and in the interwar [[Estonia]]n Republic (Law on personal autonomy adopted in 1925), and was included in the Declaration concerning the protection of minorities in Lithuania by the [[League of Nations]] in 1925.&lt;ref name=&quot;bowring&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.einst.ee/factsheets/cult_auton/|title=Law on Cultural Autonomy for National Minorities|year=1925|publisher=The [[Estonian Institute]]|accessdate=2009-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://untreaty.un.org/unts/60001_120000/20/30/00039471.pdf|title=Declaration concerning the protection of minorities in Lithuania|year=1922|publisher=[[League of Nations]]|accessdate=2009-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The autonomous representative structure of the [[Yishuv|Palestinian Jews]] between 1920 and 1949, the [[Assembly of Representatives (Mandate Palestine)|Asefat ha-Nivharim]], can also be considered as an implementation of the national personal autonomy principle.<br /> <br /> Since the fall of the [[Soviet Union]] and its satellites regimes, the national personal autonomy is the principle on which legislation applying to ethnic minorities has been enacted {{fact|date=March 2014}} e.g. in [[Estonia]] (1993 National Minorities Cultural Autonomy Act)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.legaltext.ee/text/en/XX00038.htm|title=National Minorities Cultural Autonomy Act|year=1993|publisher=The [[Estonian Ministry of Justice]]|accessdate=2009-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Hungary]] (Act LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b4e90.html |title=Act LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities|year=1993|publisher=[[Minority Electronic Resources]]|accessdate=2009-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Latvia]] (1991 Law on Unrestricted Development and Right to Cultural Autonomy of Latvia's Nationalities and Ethnic Groups)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b4e90.html |title=Law on Unrestricted Development and Right to Cultural Autonomy of Latvia's Nationalities and Ethnic Groups (last amended 1994)|year=1991|publisher=[[UNHCR]]|accessdate=2009-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Lithuania]] (1989 Law on Ethnic Minorities)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.minelres.lv/NationalLegislation/Lithuania/Lithuania_Minorities_English.htm<br /> |title=Law on ethnic minorities|year=1989|publisher=[[Minority Electronic Resources]]|accessdate=2009-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Russia]] (1996 Law on National-Cultural Autonomies)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ecmi.de/download/report_30.pdf<br /> |title=National-Cultural Autonomies and Inter-Ethnic Relations in the Kaliningrad Oblast|last=Järve|first=Priit|date=July 2002|publisher=[[European Centre for Minority Issues]]|accessdate=2009-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Ukraine]] (1992 Law on National Minorities)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.minelres.lv/NationalLegislation/Ukraine/Ukraine_Minorities_English.htm|title=Law on National Minorities|year=1992|publisher=[[Minority Electronic Resources]]|accessdate=2009-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Millet (Ottoman Empire)]]<br /> *[[Jewish Autonomism]] - [[Kehilla (modern)|Kehilla]] - [[Assembly of Representatives (Mandate Palestine)|Asefat ha-Nivharim]]<br /> *[[Language_policy#Based_on_non-territorialized_individual_rights|Non-territorial language policy]]<br /> *[[Consociationalism]]<br /> <br /> ==Sources==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Marxism]]<br /> [[Category:Minority rights]]<br /> [[Category:Bundism]]<br /> [[Category:Political science terms]]<br /> [[Category:Autonomy]]<br /> <br /> --&gt;</div>

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